Cells
Animal Cell
An animal cell is the smallest unit that makes up the varied tissues of animal species. There are hundreds of cell types in a developed organism, which are specific to their location and function. The red blood cells make up the blood, while the nerve cells make up the nervous system tissues. Likewise, there are more than 200 types of cells in an adult human. The general animal cell functions are attributed to the specific role of the various parts Animal cell functions and organelles are linked to each other. In fact, the collective work of the animal cell parts is responsible for overall functioning of the cell. |
ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES
Cell Membrane
As you refer to the animal cell model, you will notice that this cell is lined by a double-layered cell membrane. This membrane not only separates the inner cell content from outside, but also allows transportation of substances between the cell and what is surrounding the cell.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the space that occupies most of the cell and where the cell organelles are present. It is a material that is similar to the consistency of jelly, the cytoplasm function in a cell is to support and protect the internal parts.
Nucleus
The cell nucleus is the control center for all types of animal cells. It houses the genetic material or more precisely, the chromosomes.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria (singular form is mitochondrion) are found in the cytoplasm. They are the powerhouse of the animal cell, performing the major function of converting nutrients and oxygen directly into energy sources.
Vacuole
The waste products generated in cells are accumulated in vacuoles. Vacuoles protect other organelles of the cell from harmful effects of wastes. The toxins produced in cells have the potential to harm/disturb the health of cells. Vacuoles do the crucial job of isolating these toxins from the rest of the cell parts. The vacuole organelle in an animal cell is not as large as the one in a plant cell.
Cell Membrane
As you refer to the animal cell model, you will notice that this cell is lined by a double-layered cell membrane. This membrane not only separates the inner cell content from outside, but also allows transportation of substances between the cell and what is surrounding the cell.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the space that occupies most of the cell and where the cell organelles are present. It is a material that is similar to the consistency of jelly, the cytoplasm function in a cell is to support and protect the internal parts.
Nucleus
The cell nucleus is the control center for all types of animal cells. It houses the genetic material or more precisely, the chromosomes.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria (singular form is mitochondrion) are found in the cytoplasm. They are the powerhouse of the animal cell, performing the major function of converting nutrients and oxygen directly into energy sources.
Vacuole
The waste products generated in cells are accumulated in vacuoles. Vacuoles protect other organelles of the cell from harmful effects of wastes. The toxins produced in cells have the potential to harm/disturb the health of cells. Vacuoles do the crucial job of isolating these toxins from the rest of the cell parts. The vacuole organelle in an animal cell is not as large as the one in a plant cell.
Plant CellThe cells in a plant are the most basic units of life that come together to form its different parts such as the leaves, stems, roots etc. These plant parts, work together in coordination, to carry out the normal physiological and biochemical processes of the plant.
While there may be a few similarities between plant and animal cells, the key distinguishing feature between the two is the presence of a cell wall and chloroplast in plant cells, both of which are absent in animal cells. If viewed under the microscope, one can see large, prominent vacuoles at the center of a plant cell, whereas an animal cell comprises only a small, inconspicuous vacuole. |
PLANT CELL ORGANELLES
Cell Wall
Cell wall is the outermost tough and rigid layer. As expected, it remains connected with the cell walls of other cells. The prime functions of cell wall are protection, giving structural support and helping in the filter mechanism.
Cell Membrane
Cell membrane, also called plasma membrane, is present inside the cell wall and surrounds the cytoplasm. It connects the intracellular (inside the cell) components (organelles) with the extracellular (outside the cell) environment, and helps in protection and transportation. The cell membrane is permeable (allows things to pass through it) to specific substances only.
Nucleus
Nucleus is a specialized organelle, which contains the plant's hereditary material i.e. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). The nucleus contains structures, which control the cell cycle, growth, the use of protein and reproductive function.
Vacuole
Vacuoles are large membrane-bound compartments, which store water and compounds. They function as storage, excretory and secretory organelles. A mature plant cell has a single vacuole at the near center of the cell (central vacuole), which contributes to about 30-80 percent of the cell's volume.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like and semitransparent (can kind of see through it) fluid. All the organelles of the plant cell are present in this cytoplasm.
Chloroplast
Chloroplast are organelles responsible for photosynthetic activity, manufacturing and storage of chemical compounds in plants. Chloroplast contain chlorophyll pigment, which helps in harvesting light energy and converting it to chemical energy.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria (singular mitochondrion) are oblong shaped organelles, which are also known as 'the powerhouse of the cell'. They are responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrate and sugar molecules to simpler forms, which the plants can use.
Cell Wall
Cell wall is the outermost tough and rigid layer. As expected, it remains connected with the cell walls of other cells. The prime functions of cell wall are protection, giving structural support and helping in the filter mechanism.
Cell Membrane
Cell membrane, also called plasma membrane, is present inside the cell wall and surrounds the cytoplasm. It connects the intracellular (inside the cell) components (organelles) with the extracellular (outside the cell) environment, and helps in protection and transportation. The cell membrane is permeable (allows things to pass through it) to specific substances only.
Nucleus
Nucleus is a specialized organelle, which contains the plant's hereditary material i.e. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). The nucleus contains structures, which control the cell cycle, growth, the use of protein and reproductive function.
Vacuole
Vacuoles are large membrane-bound compartments, which store water and compounds. They function as storage, excretory and secretory organelles. A mature plant cell has a single vacuole at the near center of the cell (central vacuole), which contributes to about 30-80 percent of the cell's volume.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like and semitransparent (can kind of see through it) fluid. All the organelles of the plant cell are present in this cytoplasm.
Chloroplast
Chloroplast are organelles responsible for photosynthetic activity, manufacturing and storage of chemical compounds in plants. Chloroplast contain chlorophyll pigment, which helps in harvesting light energy and converting it to chemical energy.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria (singular mitochondrion) are oblong shaped organelles, which are also known as 'the powerhouse of the cell'. They are responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrate and sugar molecules to simpler forms, which the plants can use.
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